1 平台条件

硬件：nrf52840
软件：sdk17.0

2 QSPI概述

QSPI 外设支持使用 SPI 与外部闪存设备进行通信

此处列出了 QSPI 外设的主要特性：
• 单/双/四通道 SPI 输入/输出
• 2–32 MHz 可配置时钟频率
• 从/到外部闪存的单字读/写访问
• 用于块读写传输的 EasyDMA
• 高达 16 MB/秒的 EasyDMA 读取速率
• 就地执行 (XIP)，用于直接从外部闪存执行程序

在 Nordic nRF52/nRF53 系列上，QSPI 可以支持两种不同的模式。

Flash / XIP操作（需要遵循flash协议）
发送自定义指令（限制使用QSPI上的1-wire发送数据）。

在指令集上，它支持与外部闪存设备的操作码。

1.1 用于 LCD 的 QSPI 接口

基本上，QSPI 接口有 6 个 GPIO 引脚。

使用屏幕： hannstar 360×360 with GalaxyCore Controller resolution for testing.

2 代码设置

2.1 初始化

初始化 QSPI 模块
将所有 6 个 GPIO 引脚配置为高驱动输出。

#define LCD_QSPI_RESET_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(0,27)
#define LCD_QSPI_CSN_PIN   NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(0,26)
#define LCD_QSPI_SCK_PIN   NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(0,02)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO0_PIN   NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,15)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO1_PIN   NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,14)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO2_PIN   NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,13)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO3_PIN   NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,12)static void config_qspi_pin_high_drive(void)
{nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_SCK_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_CONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_HIGH);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_CSN_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOPULL,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO0_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO1_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO2_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO3_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);
}

LCD demo 320×240 @ nRF52840 之后，我想描述如何使用 QSPI 接口驱动更大的 LCD 显示器，例如 360 x 360 分辨率 @ nRF52840。

QSPI 四路串行外设接口
QSPI 外设支持使用 SPI 与外部闪存设备进行通信。

此处列出了 QSPI 外设的主要特性：
• 单/双/四通道 SPI 输入/输出
• 2–32 MHz 可配置时钟频率
• 从/到外部闪存的单字读/写访问
• 用于块读写传输的 EasyDMA
• 高达 16 MB/秒的 EasyDMA 读取速率
• 就地执行 (XIP)，用于直接从外部闪存执行程序

在 Nordic nRF52/nRF53 系列上，QSPI 可以支持两种不同的模式。

Flash / XIP操作（需要遵循flash协议）
发送自定义指令（限制使用QSPI上的1-wire发送数据）。
在指令集上，它支持与外部闪存设备的操作码。

用于 LCD 的 QSPI 接口
基本上，QSPI 接口有 6 个 GPIO 引脚。

在这篇博客中，我将使用显示器制造商的瀚宇360×360 和GalaxyCore Controller 分辨率进行测试。

初始化 QSPI 模块
将所有 6 个 GPIO 引脚配置为高驱动输出。

#define LCD_QSPI_RESET_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(0,27)
#define LCD_QSPI_CSN_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(0,26)
#define LCD_QSPI_SCK_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(0,02)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO0_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,15)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO1_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,14)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO2_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,13)
#define LCD_QSPI_IO3_PIN NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(1,12)

static void config_qspi_pin_high_drive(void)
{
nrf_gpio_cfg(
LCD_QSPI_SCK_PIN,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_CONNECT,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_HIGH);
nrf_gpio_cfg(
LCD_QSPI_CSN_PIN,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOPULL,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,
NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);

    nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO0_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO1_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO2_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);nrf_gpio_cfg(LCD_QSPI_IO3_PIN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_DIR_INPUT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_INPUT_DISCONNECT,NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN,NRF_GPIO_PIN_H0H1,NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOSENSE);

}

初始化 QSPI 模块并将其配置为 24 位地址/32MHz 时钟。

void qspi_lcd_GC9c01_init(void)
{if (!m_is_qspi_init){uint32_t err_code;nrf_drv_qspi_config_t qspi_lcd_config = NRF_DRV_QSPI_DEFAULT_CONFIG;//config.phy_if.sck_freq  = NRF_QSPI_FREQ_32MDIV1;        //NRF_QSPI_FREQ_32MDIV8; //32MHzqspi_lcd_config.phy_if.sck_freq  = NRF_QSPI_FREQ_32MDIV1;        //NRF_QSPI_FREQ_32MDIV8; //32MHz//qspi_lcd_config.phy_if.sck_freq  = NRF_QSPI_FREQ_32MDIV8;//NRF_QSPI_FREQ_32MDIV8; //8MHzqspi_lcd_config.pins.csn_pin     = LCD_QSPI_CSN_PIN;qspi_lcd_config.pins.sck_pin     = LCD_QSPI_SCK_PIN;qspi_lcd_config.pins.io0_pin     = LCD_QSPI_IO0_PIN;qspi_lcd_config.pins.io1_pin     = LCD_QSPI_IO1_PIN;qspi_lcd_config.pins.io2_pin     = LCD_QSPI_IO2_PIN;qspi_lcd_config.pins.io3_pin     = LCD_QSPI_IO3_PIN;err_code = nrf_drv_qspi_init(&qspi_lcd_config, qspi_lcd_handler, NULL);APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);NRF_LOG_INFO("QSPI LCD Init");NRF_QSPI->IFCONFIG0 |= (QSPI_IFCONFIG0_PPSIZE_512Bytes << QSPI_IFCONFIG0_PPSIZE_Pos);m_is_qspi_init = true;}else{NRF_LOG_ERROR("QSPI LCD has already initialized!");APP_ERROR_CHECK(-1);}
}

2.2 读写操作

基本上，LCD 上有 2 个操作。

LCD 命令代码（例如 LCD 初始化代码）。
LCD Data write（将数据写入LCD屏）。

（1）LCD命令模式

（2）LCD写命令

static uint32_t drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmd(const uint8_t cmd)
{return send_qspi_cinstr_w0d(cmd);
}
static uint32_t drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(const uint8_t cmd, const uint8_t data)
{uint32_t err_code = NRF_SUCCESS;err_code  = send_qspi_cinstr_w1d(cmd, data);return err_code;
}

（3）LCD初始化代码

static void configure_lcd()
{drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmd(0xfe);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmd(0xef);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x80, 0x11);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x81, 0x70);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x82, 0x09);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x83, 0x03);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x84, 0x20);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x85, 0x42);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x86, 0xfc);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x87, 0x09);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x89, 0x10);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x8a, 0x4f);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x8c, 0x59);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x8d, 0x51);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x8e, 0xae);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x8f, 0xf3);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x36, 0x00);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x3a, 0x05);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xec, 0x77);uint8_t parmater1_buffer[] = {0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0x74, parmater1_buffer, 6);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x98, 0x3e);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x99, 0x3e);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xc3, 0x2A);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xc4, 0x18);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_2data(0xa1,0x01,0x04);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_2data(0xa2,0x01,0x04);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xa9, 0x1c);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_2data(0xa5,0x11,0x09);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xb9, 0x8a);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xa8, 0x5e);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xa7, 0x40);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xaf, 0x73);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xae, 0x44);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xad, 0x38);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xa3, 0x5d);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xc2, 0x02);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xc5, 0x11);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xc6, 0x0e);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xc7, 0x13);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xc8, 0x0d);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xcb, 0x02);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_2data(0x7c,0xb6,0x26);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xac, 0x24);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xf6, 0x80);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_2data(0xb5,0x09,0x09);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_4data(0x60, 0x38,0x0b,0x5b,0x56);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_4data(0x63, 0x3a,0xe0,0x5b,0x56);uint8_t parmater2_buffer[] = {0x38, 0x0d, 0x72, 0xdd, 0x5b, 0x56};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0x64, parmater2_buffer, 6);uint8_t parmater3_buffer[] = {0x38, 0x11, 0x72, 0xe1, 0x5b, 0x56};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0x66, parmater3_buffer, 6);uint8_t parmater4_buffer[] = {0x3b, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x08, 0x29,0x5b};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0x68, parmater4_buffer, 7);uint8_t parmater5_buffer[] = {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x01,0x13,0x11,0x0b, \0x09,0x16,0x15,0x1d,0x1e,0x00,0x00,0x00, \0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x1d,0x15,0x16,0x0a, \0x0c,0x12,0x14,0x02,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0x6e, parmater5_buffer, 32);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0xbe, 0x11);uint8_t parmater6_buffer[] = {0xcc, 0x0c, 0xcc, 0x84, 0xcc, 0x04,0x50};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0x6c, parmater6_buffer, 7);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x7d, 0x72);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(0x7e, 0x38);uint8_t parmater7_buffer[] = {0x02,0x03,0x09,0x05,0x0c,0x06,0x09,0x05,0x0c,0x06};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0x70, parmater7_buffer, 10);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_4data(0x90, 0x06,0x06,0x05,0x06);send_qspi_cinstr_w1d_3data(0x93, 0x45,0xff,0x00);uint8_t parmater8_buffer[] = {0x45, 0x09, 0x08, 0x08, 0x26, 0x2a};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0xf0, parmater8_buffer, 6);uint8_t parmater9_buffer[] = {0x43, 0x70, 0x72, 0x36, 0x37, 0x6f};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0xf1, parmater9_buffer, 6);uint8_t parmater10_buffer[] = {0x45, 0x09, 0x08, 0x08, 0x26, 0x2a};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0xf2, parmater10_buffer, 6);uint8_t parmater11_buffer[] = {0x43, 0x70, 0x72, 0x36, 0x37, 0x6f};send_qspi_cinstr_long_frame_word(0xf3, parmater11_buffer, 6);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmd(0xfe);drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmd(0xee);// User Command Set (UCS = CMD1)------------------------------------------//       drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(GC9c01_CMD_WRITE_CMD_MODE_PAGE, 0x00);//tearing effect line on--------------------------------------------------//       drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(GC9c01_CMD_TEARING_EFFECT_ON, 0x00);// Interface Pixel Format-------------------------------------------------//       drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(GC9c01_CMD_INTERFACE_PIXEL_FORMAT, 0x55);// 0x55 -> 565// Set_DSPI Mode----------------------------------------------------------//       drv_GC9c01_bus_writeCmdByte(GC9c01_CMD_SET_DSPI_MODE, 0x80);// Write display brightness-----------------------------------------------//GC9c01_drv_SetBrightness(0xCC);// Sleep-out and Display on-----------------------------------------------GC9c01_DRV_SLEEP_OUT();nrf_delay_ms(120);GC9c01_DRV_DISPLAY_ON();nrf_delay_ms(20);GC9c01_drv_setColRowPosition(0, 0);NRF_LOG_INFO("After %s", __func__);
}

2.3 写入 LCD 数据

它使用 Opcode = 0x32 PP4O 来写入 LCD 数据。

static uint32_t gc9c01_bus_lcd_write_buffer(uint8_t *p_tx_buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t addr)
{uint32_t err_code = 0;m_finished = false;err_code = nrf_drv_qspi_write(p_tx_buffer, len, addr);if(err_code != NRFX_SUCCESS){// NRF_LOG_INFO("error code= 0x%x",err_code);}WAIT_FOR_PERIPH();return err_code;
}static void BMP_picture_show(uint32_t delay, const uint16_t *p_data)
{uint32_t err_code;uint32_t * p_color;uint32_t i,k;uint32_t tran_size,now_size=0;uint32_t remain_size = GC9c01_DRV_ALL_SIZE;//NRF_LOG_INFO("%s block_dx = %d, Color=%04x", __func__, a block_dx, color);//static uint8_t __ALIGN(4) bank_buf[QSPI_PAG_SIZE];tran_size = QSPI_PAG_SIZE;memcpy(&m_buffer_tx[0], (uint8_t *)&p_data[0]+tran_size, tran_size);err_code = gc9c01_bus_lcd_write_buffer(m_buffer_tx, QSPI_PAG_SIZE, 0x002C00);remain_size -= tran_size;now_size=tran_size;while (remain_size){if (remain_size > QSPI_PAG_SIZE){tran_size = QSPI_PAG_SIZE;}else{tran_size = remain_size;}memcpy(m_buffer_tx, (uint8_t *)&p_data[0]+now_size, tran_size);now_size += tran_size;err_code = gc9c01_bus_lcd_write_buffer(&m_buffer_tx[0], tran_size, 0x003C00);remain_size -= tran_size;}nrf_delay_ms(delay);
}

效果展示