1、文档官网

• SpringBoot：https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot#learn
• SpringCloud：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn
• CloudAlibaba：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-alibaba#learn

• SpringCloud配置文件可配项(注意版本)：https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud/docs/2022.0.2-SNAPSHOT/reference/html/configprops.html

2、版本对照

2.1、SpringBoot与SpringCloud对照

https://start.spring.io/actuator/info

2.2、SpringAlibaba与SpringCloud与SpringBoot版本对照

https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/

3、Cloud与alibaba停更、升级、替换

4、pom配置

4.1、父pom

  UTF-81.81.82.2.2.RELEASEHoxton.SR12.1.0.RELEASE4.121.2.171.16.185.1.471.1.161.3.0org.springframework.bootspring-boot-dependencies${springboot.version}pomimportorg.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-dependencies${springcloud.version}pomimportcom.alibaba.cloudspring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies${cloudalibaba.version}pomimportmysqlmysql-connector-java${mysql.version}com.alibabadruid${druid.version}org.mybatis.spring.bootmybatis-spring-boot-starter${mybatis.spring.boot.version}junitjunit${junit.version}log4jlog4j${log4j.version}org.projectlomboklombok${lombok.version}trueorg.springframework.bootspring-boot-maven-plugintruetrue

4.2、子pom (案例)

com.alibaba.cloudspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryorg.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-weborg.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-actuatororg.springframework.bootspring-boot-devtoolsruntimetrueorg.projectlomboklomboktrueorg.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-testtest

5、技术说明

5.1、SpringCloud-Eureka

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

POM

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client

主启动类

@EnableEurekaServer
// 打开服务发现
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableEurekaClient
// 打开服务发现
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@Resource
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/discovery")
public Object discovery(){List services = discoveryClient.getServices();for (String element : services) {log.info("***** element:"+element);}List instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");for (ServiceInstance instance : instances) {log.info(instance.getServiceId()+"\t"+instance.getHost()+"\t"+instance.getPort()+"\t"+instance.getUri());}return this.discoveryClient;
}

主机名称：服务名称修改、访问信息增加IP、关闭自我保护

自我保护原因：某时刻某一个微服务不可用了，Eureka不会立刻清理，依旧会对该微服务的信息进行保存，属于CAP里面的AP分支。（一般生产环境中不会禁止自我保护）

eureka:instance:# 修改主机名称  将Instance ID设置成IP:端口的形式instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}# 显示IPprefer-ip-address: true# 关闭自我保护# eureka客户端向服务端发送心跳的时间间隔lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 1# eureka服务端在收到最后一次心跳后等待时间上限lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 2
eureka:server:# 关闭自我保护机制enable-self-preservation: falseeviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 2000

多服务访问报错

配置类增加@LoadBalanced

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {@Bean@LoadBalancedpublic RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}}

5.2、SpringCloud-Ribbon

POM

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon

IRule算法

• com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule ：轮询
• com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule ：随机
• com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule：先按照RoundRobinRule的策略获取服务，如果获取服务失败则在指定时间内会进行重试
• WeightedResponseTimeRule ：对RoundRobinRule的扩展，响应速度越快的实例选择权重越大，越容易被选择
• BestAvailableRule ：会先过滤掉由于多次访问故障而处于断路器跳闸状态的服务，然后选择一个并发量最小的服务
• AvailabilityFilteringRule ：先过滤掉故障实例，再选择并发较小的实例
• ZoneAvoidanceRule：默认规则，复合判断server所在区域的性能和server的可用性选择服务器

替换IRule

类不允许放在主启动类及以下(不允许被spring扫描到)

新建规则类：

package com.myrule;import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class MySelfRule {@Beanpublic IRule myRule(){// 定义为随机return new RandomRule();}
}

主启动类增加注解

@RibbonClient(name = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE",configuration = MySelfRule.class)

5.3、SpringCloud-OpenFeign

POM

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-openfeign

主启动类

@EnableFeignClients

调用

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import feign.Param;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE")
public interface PaymentFeignService {@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

超时配置修改

OpenFeign默认超时时间为一秒钟，超过后报错

ribbon:ReadTimeout:  5000ConnectTimeout: 5000

日志

日志级别

修改日志级别

package com.springcloud.config;import feign.Logger;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {@BeanLogger.Level feignLoggerLevel(){return Logger.Level.FULL;}
}
logging:level:com.springcloud.service.PaymentFeignService: debug

5.4、SpringCloud-Hystrix

POM

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix

服务提供者

主启动类 
@EnableCircuitBreaker

服务调用者

@EnableHystrix
feign:hystrix:# 如果处理自身的容错就开启。开启方式与生产端不一样。enabled: true 
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {@HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "1500")  //3秒钟以内就是正常的业务逻辑
})
public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);return result;
}
//兜底方法
public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){return "我是消费者80，对付支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己,(┬＿┬)";
}

defaultFallback

package com.springcloud.controller;import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.annotation.Resource;@RestController
@Slf4j
//全局的
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "global_FallbackMethod")  
public class OrderHystrixController {@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
//    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
//            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "1500")  //1.5秒钟以内就是正常的业务逻辑
//    })@HystrixCommandpublic String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){int age = 10/0;String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);return result;}//兜底方法public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){return "我是消费者80，对付支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己,(┬＿┬)";}// 下面是全局fallback方法public String global_FallbackMethod(){return "Global异常处理信息，请稍后再试,(┬＿┬)";}
}

OpenFeigh调用fallback与业务隔离

OpenFeign调用service

package com.springcloud.service;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);@GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

PaymentFallbackService类实现PaymentFeignClientService接口

package com.springcloud.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService {@Overridepublic String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_OK , (┬＿┬)";}@Overridepublic String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {return "-----PaymentFallbackService fall back-paymentInfo_TimeOut , (┬＿┬)";}
}

服务熔断

参数配置：HystrixCommandProperties

服务监控hystrixDashboard

Unable to connect to Command Metric Stream

@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet(){HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");return registrationBean;
}

5.5、SpringCloud-GateWay

POM

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-gateway

YML

spring:application:name: cloud-gatewaycloud:gateway:discovery:locator:enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由routes:- id: payment_routh #payment_route    #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名#uri: http://localhost:8001          #匹配后提供服务的路由地址uri: lb://cloud-payment-service #匹配后提供服务的路由地址predicates:- Path=/payment/get/**         # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由- id: payment_routh2 #payment_route    #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名#uri: http://localhost:8001          #匹配后提供服务的路由地址uri: lb://cloud-payment-service #匹配后提供服务的路由地址predicates:- Path=/payment/lb/**         # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由- After=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]#            - Before=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]#            - Between=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] ,  2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]#            curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb --cookie "username=zzyy"#            - Cookie=username,zzyy   #Cookie=cookieName,正则表达式# 请求头要有X-Request-Id属性并且值为整数的正则表达式 curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb --cookie "username=zzyy" -H "X-Request-Id:11"
#            - Header=X-Request-Id, \d+
#            - Host=**.atguigu.com  # curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb -H "Host:afae.atguigu.com"

代码实现路由

package com.springcloud.config;import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class GateWayConfig {@Beanpublic RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder) {RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes = routeLocatorBuilder.routes();//routes.route("payment_routh", r -> r.path("/payment/get/**").uri("lb://cloud-payment-service")).build();//routes.route("payment_routh2", r -> r.path("/payment/lb/**").uri("lb://cloud-payment-service")).build();//routes.route("payment_routh2", r -> r.path("/payment/lb/**", "/payment/get/**").uri("lb://cloud-payment-service")).build();routes.route("path_rote_atguigu", r -> r.path("/guonei").uri("http://news.baidu.com/guonei")).build();return routes.build();}}

微服务名实现路由

 uri: lb://cloud-payment-service

Predicate

说白了，Predicate就是为了实现一组匹配规则，让请求过来找到对应的Route进行处理

https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/4.0.4-SNAPSHOT/reference/html/#gateway-request-predicates-factories

Filter

单一Filter
https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/4.0.4-SNAPSHOT/reference/html/#gatewayfilter-factories

全局Filter
https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/4.0.4-SNAPSHOT/reference/html/#global-filters

自定义Filter

package com.springcloud.filter;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import java.util.Date;@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyLogGateWayFilter implements GlobalFilter,Ordered {@Overridepublic Mono filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {log.info("*********come in MyLogGateWayFilter: "+new Date());String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("username");if(StringUtils.isEmpty(username)){log.info("*****用户名为Null 非法用户,(┬＿┬)");exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);//给人家一个回应return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();}return chain.filter(exchange);}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return 0;}
}

单点登录

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_67390364/article/details/126481026

5.6、SpringCloud-Config

POM

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-config-server

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-config

YML

spring:application:name: cloud-config-center #注册进Eureka服务器的微服务名cloud:config:server:git:uri: https://gitee.com/lixiaogou/sprincloud-config.git #GitHub上面的git仓库名字search-paths: #搜索目录- springcloud-configlabel: master #读取分支#启动成功后访问的路径 http://ip:3344/{label}/{application}-{profile}.yml 能访问的配置文件 就表示成功了
spring:application:name: config-clientcloud:# master分支上config-dev.yml的配置文件config:# 分支名称label: master# 配置文件名称name: config# 读取后缀名称profile: devuri: http://localhost:3344

主启动类

@EnableConfigServer
无
@RestController
public class ConfigClientController {@Value("${config.info}")private String configInfo;@GetMapping("/configInfo")public String getConfigInfo(){return configInfo;}
}

动态刷新

POM

org.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-actuator

YML

management:endpoints:web:exposure:include: "*"

增加@RefreshScope

@RefreshScope
@RestController
public class ConfigClientController {@Value("${config.info}")private String configInfo;@GetMapping("/configInfo")public String getConfigInfo(){return configInfo;}
}

手动刷新：需要每台都手动刷新

curl -X POST “http://localhost:3355/actuator/refresh”

自动刷新、全量刷新、指定刷新(SpringCloud Bus)

5.7、SpringCloud-Bus消息总线

5.8、SpringCloud-Stream消息驱动

5.9、SpringCloud-Sleuth分布式请求链路追踪

Spring Cloud Sleuth提供了一套完整的服务跟踪的解决方案
在分布式系统中提供追踪解决方案并且兼容支持了zipkin

下载安装zipkin

服务改造

POM

org.springframework.cloudspring-cloud-starter-zipkin

YML

spring:application:name: cloud-payment-servicezipkin:base-url: http://localhost:9411sleuth:sampler:probability: 1

访问

http:localhost:9411

原理

6.0、SpringCloudAlibaba-Nacos

一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现，配置管理和服务管理中心

因官网文档很好，这里不做说明，仅给出几个文档

nacos-github：https://github.com/alibaba/Nacos
nacos官网：https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html
springcloud-nacos文档：https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/2021/en-us/index.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_nacos_discovery
nacos-example-github：https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/tree/2022.x/spring-cloud-alibaba-examples/nacos-example

6.1、SpringCloudAlibaba-Sentinel

因官网文档很好，这里不做说明，仅给出几个文档

sentinel-文档-中文：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D
sentinel-github：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel
sentinel-example-github：https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/tree/2022.x/spring-cloud-alibaba-examples/sentinel-example

持久化：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_17522211/article/details/129689938?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

6.2、SpringCloudAlibaba-Seata

一次业务操作需要跨多个数据源或需要跨多个系统进行远程调用，就会产生分布式事务问题

因官网文档很好，这里不做说明，仅给出几个文档

seata-文档：http://seata.io/zh-cn/

6.3、SpringCloudAlibaba-RocketMQ

因官网文档很好，这里不做说明，仅给出几个文档

文档：https://rocketmq.apache.org/

6.4、SpringCloudAlibaba-OSS

因官网文档很好，这里不做说明，仅给出几个文档

文档：https://www.aliyun.com/product/oss

6.5、SpringCloudAlibaba-SMS

因官网文档很好，这里不做说明，仅给出几个文档

文档：https://www.aliyun.com/product/sms

6.6、SpringCloudAlibaba-SchedulerX

因官网文档很好，这里不做说明，仅给出几个文档

文档：https://www.aliyun.com/aliware/schedulerx?spm=5176.10695662.784137.1.4b07363dej23L3